Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku buzima OMS ryahaye Umunyarwandakazi Mukantabana Crescence igihembo cy’umuntu wabaye indashyikirwa mu bikorwa byo kurwanya itabi n’ingaruka zaryo.
Ni igihembo ngarukamwaka Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima, OMS, rishimira umuntu uba warakoze ibikorwa by’indashyikirwa mu kurwanya no gukumira ingaruka z’itabi, rikamugenera igihembo cyizwi nka ‘World No Tobacco Day Awards’. kuri iyi nshuro rikaba ryagihaye uwo ku Mugabane w’Afurika by’umwihariko munsi y’Ubutayu bwa Sahara.
Mukantabana yahawe iryo shimwe binyuze mu muryango utegamiye kuri leta yashinze witwa “Poor Women Development Network” ukorera i Kigali.
Mukantabana yahawe iki gihembo kuri uyu wa Gatanu tariki 12 Ugushyingo 2021. Ni umuhango wari witabiriwe n’abayobozi batandukanye barimo Minisitiri w’Ubuzima, Dr Daniel Ngamije n’Umuyobozi wa OMS mu Rwanda, Dr Brian Chirombo.
Kugira ngo ahabwe iri shimwe, byaturutse ku mushinga yamuritse muri OMS aza gutoranywa mu batsinze. Ibikorwa byatumye OMS imuhemba birimo kuba yarakoze ubukangurambaga bwatanze umusaruro bugatuma haba impinduka mu mategeko agendanye n’itabi mu 2015.
Binyuze mu muryango yashinze, yahaye amahugurwa abagore n’abakobwa 300 ku bijyanye no kurwanya itabi hagamijwe gukumira ihohotera rishingiye ku gitsina, indwara n’ubukene mu miryango.
Yashyizeho itsinda ry’abakobwa n’abahungu 30 bagira uruhare mu bikorwa byo kurwanya itabi n’ibindi biyobyabwenge.
Dr Brian Chirombo yavuze ko iki ari gihe cyiza ngo abantu bareke itabi, ashimira umusanzu Mukantabana yatanze muri uru rugamba.
Ati “Insanganyamatsiko y’uyu mwaka ni ‘iyemeze kubireka’ mu by’ukuri OMS n’Isi baragira bati reka itabi kugira ngo utsinde ku bw’ibyo uyu munsi wahaye amahirwe abanywa itabi yo kwifatira umwanzuro wo kureka itabi ukabaho mu buzima buzira umuze, Mukantabana wakoze neza binyuze mu kubera benshi urugero mu Rwanda no muri Afurika.”
Dr Chirombo yashimye u Rwanda kubera intambwe rwateye mu kurwanya kunywa itabi, avuga ko ibindi bihugu bikwiye kurufatiraho urugero.
Mukantabana yavuze ko iki gihembo yahawe cyamushimishije ndetse kimwongereye imbaraga zo gukomeza urugendo yatangiye.
Ati "Ndishimye cyane sinzi uko nabisobanura, intego yanjye ni ugukomeza gukorana namwe mu kurwanya kunywa itabi ndetse no gukomeza gukorana n’umuryango mugari mu kwimakaza uburinganire no kurwanya akarengane."
Iki gihembo cyoherejwe n’Umuyobozi Mukuru wa OMS, Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus kuko we atabashije kuboneka muri uyu muhango.
Minisitiri w’Ubuzima, Dr Daniel Ngamije, yavuze ko buri mwaka hapfa abantu barenga miliyoni 7 biturutse ku kunywa itabi kandi uyu mubare uzazamuka ugere kuri miliyoni 8 mu gihe nta gikozwe.
Ati " Twese turabizi ko itabi riri mu mpamvu eshanu zigira uruhare mu kwiyongera kw’indwara zitandura muri izo ndwara dufite umuvuduko w’amaraso, diabète, kanseri by’umwihariko iy’ibihaha n’izindi ndwara zifata imyanya y’ubuhumekero.”
Imibare ya OMS igaragaza ko 30% by’abanywa itabi baba bafite ibyago byo kurwara kanseri mu gihe abarenga miliyoni 8 ku Isi bapfa bazize ingaruka z’itabi. Mu Rwanda abasaga 2100 bahitanwa n’ingaruka zaryo buri mwaka.
Ishusho y’ubucuruzi bw’itabi mu Rwanda
Mu Rwanda, imibare y’Ikigo gitanga amakuru ku bijyanye n’itabi, Tobacco Atlas yo mu 2015 igaragaza ko nibura abantu barenga ibihumbi 300 biganjemo abagabo banywa itabi buri munsi.
Iki kigo kigaragaza ko mu bantu b’igitsina gabo bafite imyaka 15 gusubiza hejuru abanywa itabi baba bari ku kigero cya 12,4%.
Igaragaza kandi ko mu 2014 u Rwanda rwari rufite umusaruro w’itabi ubarirwa muri toni eshanu ndetse ko 0,24% by’ubutaka bwo guhingwaho bwari buhinzeho itabi.
Imibare y’Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ibarurishamibare igaragaza ko mu gihembwe cya mbere cy’umwaka wa 2019, u Rwanda rwatumije mu mahanga ibicuruzwa bifite agaciro ka miliyoni 708,67$, byarimo n’ibinyobwa n’itabi bifite agaciro ka miliyoni 6,42$.
Iyi mibare kandi igaragaza ko mu 2016 u Rwanda rwatumije mu mahanga itabi rifite agaciro ka miliyari 3.138 Frw.
Mu bihugu u Rwanda rukuramo itabi ryinshi harimo Kenya, Zimbabwe, Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo, Uganda na Tanzania.
Mu 2017, u Rwanda rwatumije mu bihugu nka Kenya, Zimbabwe na Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo itabi rifite agaciro ka miliyari 2.985 Frw. Mu 2018 aya mafaranga yariyongereye yikuba hafi kabiri agera kuri miliyari 4.048Frw.
Mu 2019 agaciro k’itabi u Rwanda rutumiza mu mahanga kageze kuri miliyari 3.578 Frw, mu 2020 kagera kuri miliyari 3.578 Frw.
Igihe yanditse ko uretse kuba itabi riri mu bintu byinjizwa cyane mu gihugu, riri no mu byinjiriza u Rwanda amafaranga menshi yaba ari avuye mu ryo rwohereza mu mahanga cyangwa iryo rukura mu mahanga narwo rukarigurisha ibindi bihugu.
Mu 2019, rwohereje mu mahanga itabi n’ibinyobwa bifite agaciro k’ibihumbi 480$, mu gihe rwinjije miliyoni 5,16$ avuye mu itabi n’ibinyobwa rwagurishije mu mahanga ariko narwo rwabikuye mu bindi bihugu.
Mu bihembwe bitatu by’umwaka wa 2020, ubucuruzi nk’ubu bw’itabi n’ibinyobwa bwinjirije igihugu miliyoni 2.66$.
Ubucuruzi bw’itabi mu Rwanda ahanini bukorwa n’Ikigo Mpuzamahanga cy’Abongereza, British American Tobacco (BAT), gikora ubwoko butandukanye bw’itabi ririmo irizwi cyane mu Rwanda nk’Intore, Dunhill, Impala na SM.
Nubwo itabi ari igihingwa kibyara amafaranga ku bagihinga n’abagicuruza ariko rigira ingaruka ku buzima bw’abantu barinywa cyangwa uwegereye aho barinywera.
Ni muri urwo rwego hashyizweho itegeko rigamije ahanini kurengera ubuzima bw’abatarinywa, kumenyekanisha ububi bwaryo n’ibirikomokaho, gushishikariza abarinywa kurireka, gushyiraho uburyo abarinywa n’abaricuruza bagomba kwitwara bitabangamiye ubuzima rusange bw’abaturage n’ibindi. Mu Rwanda birabujijwe ko rinyobwa n’umwana uri munsi y’imyaka 18.
Amategeko y’u Rwanda ateganya ko amasegereti acuruzwa ku isoko ry’imbere mu gihugu adashobora kugira ibipimo birenze ibi bikurikira: mg 15 ya “goudron” ku isegereti; mg 1,5 ya “nicotine ” ku isegereti na mg 15 ya “monoxide de carbone” ku isegereti.
