Yahinduwe mu Kinyarwanda na Alphonse Rutazigwa
Raporo yo mu kigo gishinzwe umwuka mwiza ku isi igaragaza ko umwuka wo munzu utameze neza wiharira 2/3 by’impfu, kandi ukanagira ingaruka ku bataravuka
Umwana utarageza igihe cy’ukwezi kw’amavuka , ndetse n’umwana utaravuka kuba ari hafi y’umwuka wanduye bishobora gutuma inda ivamo, ndetse no gutuma umwana avukana ibiro bikeya, nkuko impuguke zibitangaza.
Ikinyamakuru cyandikirwa mu Bwongereza The Guardian ku wa 21 Ukwakira 2020, cyatangaje ko umwaka ushize wa 2019, umwuka uhumanye watumye impinja zingana n’ igice cya miliyoni (500.000),zipfa zikivuka mu kwezi kwa mbere k’ubuzima bwazo, aho abenshi muri izo mpinja bari mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y’amajyambere, nkuko imibare ibigaragaza.
Bibiri bya gatatu (2/3) mu mpfu 500.000 z’abana zari zifitanye isano n’umwuka uhumanye ukomoka mu nzu, cyane cyane kubera gucana amakara, inkwi, no gucana ibisheshe (amase yumye) yifashishwa mu guteka.
Ubu buvumbuzi bukaba bwamuritswe muri raporo y’Ikigo cyizwi nka (State of Global Air 2020 report), cyize imibare yerecyeranye n’impfu ku rwego rw’Isi,hagendewe ku bushakashatsi bwakozwe, bityo bukagaragaza, isano iri hagati y’umwuka uhumanye n’ubuzima bwa muntu.
Inzobere mu buzima zikaba zari zimaze igihe, ziburira kubinyanje n’ ingaruka zikomoka ku mwuka uhumanye, cyane cyane ku bantu bageze mu zabukuru, ndetse nabo baba basanganywe ibibazo by’amagara atameze neza, (pre existing conditions), ariko ubu akaba aribwo bamaze kumenya ingaruka unagira no ku mpinja ziba zikiri munda zitaravuka.
Katherine Walker, ukuriye impuguke mu Kigo cyitwa (Health Effects Institute) cyamuritse ubu bushakashatsi, yagize ati, “ Ntabwo tuzi neza uko ibi biba, kugeza magingo aya, ariko hari ikintu gituma imikurire y’umwana igwingira, birumvikana kandi ko n’ibiro by’umwana nabyo bigabanuka. Hari uburyo busa nkaho ar’icyorezo , bwagaragaye mu bihugu byinshi mu nyigo nyinshi zagiye zikorwa.”
Impinja zivukana ibiro bikeye nizo ziba zifite ibyago byo kugira ubwandure ndetse n’umusonga. Ibihaha by’abana bavuka batarageza igihe cyo kuvuka nabyo ntibishobora kuba byakura neza.
“Baba bafite ibyago byinshi, ugereranije n’impinja ziba zavutse zigejeje igihe cyo kuvuka,” nkuko bitangazwa na Dan Greenbaum, Perezida w’Ikigo (The Health Effects Institute) muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.
Beate Ritz, Purofeseri w’indwara z’ibyorezo muri Kaminuza ya Karifoniya Los Angeles muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika witabiriye ubu bushakashatsi, yavuze ko ihumana ry’umwuka wo munzu mu Mijyi yo mu Buhinde, ibice bya Aziya y’Uburasirazuba bw’Amajyepfo ya Aziya, n’Umugabane wa Afurika ugereranywa n’umwuka uhumanye warangaga Umujyi wa Londile mu myaka ijana na mirongwitanu ishize (150).
“Iri ntabwo ari ihumana ry’umwuka tubona mu Mijyi mur’ iki gihe, ndavuga mu (bihugu bikize), ahubwo ni umwuka twari dufite mu myaka 150 ishize, haba muri Londile n’ahandi, aho bacanaga amakara yamacukurano (coal). Ihumana ry’umwuka wo mu mazu ntiryigeze ryitabwaho n’abashinzwe gushyiraho za politike z’ubuzima, ariko nyamara niko byakakagombye gukorwa,” Ritz .
Akaba yarongeyeho ko, ingaruka ziterwa n’ihumana ry’umwuka zigera ku bana zagabanuka, kuko kugabanya ihumana ry’umwuka ryagabanya ingaruka zigera ku bana baba babashije, kudahitanwa niryo humana, kuko hari n’ingaruka ku bwonko bw’umwana, kubera ko bwangirika, ndetse n’ibindi bice by’umubiri kubera iri humana, akaba ari muri uru rwego tugomba kugabanya bene iri humana, bitewe n’ ingaruka rigira no ku bindi bice by’umubiri,”.
Izi ngaruka zishobora kuba zimaze imyaka amagana n’amagana zitazwi, kuko abantu bamaze imyaka amagana n’amagana batekera ku mashyiga mu nzu, kandi ibi bikaba bituma uduce dutoya abantu baduhumeka tukinjira mu mubiri, cyane ku bagore n’abana kubera ko aribo birirwa mu rugo igihe cyinini.
Imwe mu mibare igaragaza uburemere bw’iki kibazo. Imfu zo mu Majyepfo y’Ubutayu bwa Sahara: 236.000, mu gihe mu Majyepfo y’iburasirazuba bwa Aziya ari 186.000
Nyamara kandi ikibabaje cyane, nuko ibi byose birushaho kuba bibi, kuko iki kibazo cyirushaho kujya irudubi, bitewe n’ubucucike bw’abaturage mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y’amajyambere, n’irindi humana ryo hanze rikomoka ku binyabiziga, n’inganda. Ibi byose bigaragaza ko ari nta bwinyagamburiro, kuva mu gitondo kugeza ninjoro, ibi kandi biba kuri za miliyoni z’abantu.
